随着社会经济和技术的发展，人们对生活环境质量的提出了更高、更精细化的要求；社会整体建设高峰期已经过去，过去30年来建成的大量建筑物，面临着如何进一步更新优化以适应当前及未来更为个性化需求的问题。因此在新时期如何利用有效的活化新生策略，为既有建筑的创新升级注入更多活力，激发建筑空间环境深层次的潜力，使其在现实生活中发挥更积极的作用，无疑是广大建筑师面临的极为迫切的时代课题。

With the development of social economy and technology, people put forward higher and more refined requirements for the quality of living environment. The peak of the overall construction of the society has passed, and a large number of buildings built in the past 30 years are facing the problem of how to further update and optimize to meet the current and future more personalized needs. Therefore, in the new era, how to use effective revitalization strategies to inject more vitality into the innovation and upgrading of existing buildings, stimulate the deep potential of the architectural space environment, and make it play a more positive role in real life is undoubtedly an extremely urgent task of The Times faced by the majority of architects.

广东省人民医院（下文简称省医）创建于1946年，主院区位于广州市越秀区中山二路106号，医院建筑面积近23万平方米。省医餐厅楼始建于1993年，最初是作为制剂楼而设计的，2004年增加了两层半圆形的钢结构作为就餐空间，改造为餐厅楼。历经改造的餐厅楼，受原有空间结构的制约，使用中在交通组织、安全疏散、使用功能、层高限制、结构安全等方面均存在缺陷和不足，不仅影响了使用功能也影响了整体的环境质量。

Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (hereinafter referred to as Provincial Hospital) was founded in 1946. The main hospital is located at No. 106 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou. The hospital has a floor area of nearly 230,000 square meters. Provincial medical restaurant building was built in 1993, was originally designed as a preparation building, in 2004 added a two-story semicircular steel structure as a dining space, transformed into a restaurant building. After the renovation of the restaurant building, restricted by the original spatial structure, there are defects and deficiencies in the use of traffic organization, safe evacuation, use function, storey limit, structural safety and other aspects, which not only affect the use function but also affect the overall environmental quality.

2004年改造后，餐厅楼经过16年的使用，历经功能变化以及外部建筑环境的更替，其功能和空间又跟不上省医的发展需求，于是领导班子决定做一个全面的整体升级改造。我们团队在2019年5月正式接受省医餐厅楼升级改造的任务，在此之前我们已经开展了一年多的省医整体空间环境研究，以期提升省医的整体空间环境质量。研究内容包括总体功能布局的现状及优化对策、外部环境空间整体优化对策、管线系统的现状及优化对策等方面，通过全面深入了解现状，为未来的整体升级更新打下基础。

After the renovation in 2004, the restaurant building after 16 years of use, after functional changes and the replacement of the external built environment, its function and space can not keep up with the development needs of the provincial hospital, so the leadership team decided to do a comprehensive overall upgrade. Our team officially accepted the task of upgrading the provincial hospital restaurant building in May 2019, before which we had carried out more than a year of research on the overall space environment of the provincial hospital, in order to improve the quality of the overall space environment of the provincial hospital. The research content includes the status quo of the overall functional layout and optimization countermeasures, the overall optimization countermeasures of the external environment space, the status quo of the pipeline system and optimization countermeasures, etc. Through a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the status quo, the foundation for the future overall upgrade and update.

基于扎实的整体空间研究，设计团队针对省医餐厅楼改造的现状及目标，思考“建筑师能为社会做什么？”这一深刻的职业问题，以“建筑六式”为指引，回归建筑本质，提出了“弱建筑、强氛围”的活化新生策略，顺利通过方案汇报、规划审批、设计审查，最终在疫情期间施工，并于2021年12月竣工投入使用。改造后的省医餐厅楼，获得了业主、广大医护人员、前来就诊的广大病患以及家属的一致认同和高度评价。从建成的环境来看，不仅为省医职工提供了一个高品质的放松舒适的就餐环境，还为省医整体空间环境品质的提升做出了积极的贡献，也为老建筑的更新改造提供了一种有效的创新策略，体现了团队在思考“建筑如何为社会、为人创造更为有价值空间环境”方面的探索和努力（图4-图6）。设计以简约明快的建筑形象、清晰明确的技术手段，实现超越时空与场所的对话的精神性追求，以此致敬路易斯·康（Louis Isadore Kahn）一直崇尚的建筑的精神性追求。

Based on solid overall spatial research, the design team considers the current situation and goal of the provincial medical restaurant building renovation, thinking "What can architects do for society?" This profound professional problem, guided by the "six types of architecture", returned to the essence of architecture, proposed the revitalization strategy of "weak architecture, strong atmosphere", successfully passed the program report, planning approval, design review, and finally construction during the epidemic period, and was completed and put into use in December 2021. After the renovation, the provincial medical restaurant building has been unanimously recognized and highly praised by the owners, the majority of medical staff, the majority of patients who come to see a doctor and their families. From the perspective of the built environment, it not only provides a high-quality relaxed and comfortable dining environment for provincial medical staff, but also makes a positive contribution to the improvement of the overall spatial environment quality of provincial medical staff, and also provides an effective innovation strategy for the renovation of old buildings. It reflects the team's exploration and efforts in thinking about "how architecture can create a more valuable space environment for society and people" (Figure 4-Figure 6). The design uses simple and bright architectural image and clear technical means to realize the spiritual pursuit of dialogue beyond time and place, in order to pay tribute to the spiritual pursuit of architecture advocated by Louis Isadore Kahn.

场所对话、空间交融 Place dialogue, space integration

省医的外部空间是一个有机关联的整体，其空间架构、功能布局、交通组织、景观营造、人文氛围等规划设计元素和空间体验等元素互相作用，共同形成一个省医的外部公共空间系统。由于长期渐进式的无组织更新，导致省医院的外部公共空间显得局促断裂、整体性缺失，从而渐渐失去其个性和特色，变得消极，不适应当前和未来的发展需求。

The external space of the provincial hospital is an organically connected whole. Its planning and design elements such as spatial structure, functional layout, transportation organization, landscape construction, humanistic atmosphere and spatial experience interact with each other to form an external public space system of the provincial hospital. Due to the long-term and gradual unorganized renewal, the external public space of the provincial hospital appears cramped and broken, and the integrity is missing, which gradually loses its personality and characteristics, becomes negative, and does not adapt to the current and future development needs.

省医职工餐厅楼的更新改造是从根本上提升空间环境质量的一个重要契机，设计基于前期扎实的调研分析工作与场所对话和空间交融为目标和策略，以“建筑六式”为指引，制定出整体性的优化设计策略。设计重心不仅要处理好餐厅更新改造的内部功能、交通空间的优化提升，更要通过整体性的优化设计，提升省医外部公共空间的环境质量。建成后，省医餐厅楼不仅很好地融入了省医整体外部公共空间环境中，成为外部公共空间系统中的积极一员，更在深层次激活了整体空间活力，展现出积极的场所对话氛围，形成良好的看与被看的对话关系（图7-图9）。

The renovation of the provincial medical staff restaurant building is an important opportunity to fundamentally improve the quality of the space environment. The design is based on the solid research and analysis of the dialogue between the work and the place and the space integration as the goal and strategy, and the guidance of "six types of architecture", to formulate an overall optimization design strategy. The focus of the design should not only deal with the internal function of the renovation of the restaurant and the optimization and improvement of the traffic space, but also improve the environmental quality of the external public space of the provincial hospital through the overall optimization design. After its completion, the restaurant building not only integrates well into the overall external public space environment of the provincial hospital, becoming an active member of the external public space system, but also activates the vitality of the overall space at a deep level, showing a positive dialogue atmosphere in the place, and forming a good dialogue relationship between seeing and being seen (FIG. 7-9).

通过省医餐厅楼的升级改造，以一个“弱建筑”来强化整体空间场所氛围，建筑实体退隐为外部公共空间的背景，体现出连续、延绵、渐变的建筑特质，为广大使用者提供了舒适宜人的高品质外部公共空间环境。在这里可以体验绿树清风、天光云影，感受时节变动，疗愈疲惫身心。

Through the upgrading and renovation of the provincial medical restaurant building, a "weak building" is used to strengthen the overall space and place atmosphere. The building entity recedes as the background of the external public space, reflecting the continuous, extended and gradual architectural characteristics, and providing a comfortable and pleasant high-quality external public space environment for the majority of users. Here you can experience the green tree breeze, sky light cloud shadow, feel the seasons change, heal tired body and mind.

自然入境、精神栖所 Natural entry, spiritual habitat

在老城区高密度的老旧医院中，如何为使用者营造出一个既能适应特定功能需求、又能符合当前社会对空间环境质量日益提高的趋势，既安全高效、又舒适宜人的整体空间环境，是我一直追求的目标。在对物质空间环境提升和重建的过程中，物质性和形式感固然重要，但如何让空间超越实体呈现精神性的特质，却是我更为关注的方面。

In the old hospital with high density in the old city, how to create a safe, efficient, comfortable and pleasant overall space environment for users that can not only adapt to specific functional needs, but also conform to the current social trend of increasing the quality of the space environment is my goal. In the process of upgrading and rebuilding the physical space environment, the sense of materiality and form is important, but how to make the space transcend the entity and present the spiritual characteristics is what I pay more attention to.

省医场地环境中，既有建筑群以其复杂的功能和庞大的体量，构成外部空间中占据绝对优势的存在，而外部空间则被挤压成零星的片段，广场、绿地、灌木、路径等空间元素关系游离、整体破碎。经过系统研究，我发现“自然”可以作为一个有效的整合因素，藉此修复相互分离的元素。通过引入和凸显“自然”，建筑实体可以放弃空间主体的垄断地位，退而成为环境外部公共空间的一个有机组成部分，新旧建筑、树荫凉风、天光云影、四时变幻，再次成为省医外部公共空间的主角（图10），它们相得益彰、互相映衬，营造出一种亲和自然、轻松愉快的环境氛围，有效缓解了广大医护工作者、就医病患及其家属在医院环境中紧张焦虑的情绪。

In the environment of the provincial hospital site, the existing buildings, with their complex functions and huge volume, constitute an absolute advantage in the external space, while the external space is squeezed into sporadic fragments, and the spatial elements such as squares, green Spaces, shrubs, paths are separated and the whole is broken. Through systematic research, I found that "nature" can be used as an effective integrating factor to repair separated elements. By introducing and highlighting "nature", the architectural entity can give up the monopoly status of the space subject and become an organic part of the external public space of the environment. The old and new buildings, the shade and cool wind, the sky and the clouds, and the four times change, become the protagonist of the external public space of the provincial hospital again (FIG. 10), they complement each other and complement each other. Creating a friendly, natural, relaxed and pleasant environment atmosphere, effectively alleviating the majority of medical workers, patients and their families in the hospital environment of tension and anxiety.

面向省医内庭院的通透玻璃立面，展现出超宽广的景观视野，将室外室内外空间的时光流逝、光影变化悉数呈现，通过这个立面设计，整体空间环境体现了连续、延绵、渐变的特征（图11）。对于在此就餐的医护人员而言，这里不仅提供了一个轻松愉悦的就餐空间，更是一个可以让他感受自然、放下压力、给身体和精神充电的中转站。通过建筑的透明性，将空间内温暖轻松的氛围，传到传递到外部公共空间的每个角落，使整个医院都笼罩上一层温和而暖心的面纱（图12）。

The transparent glass facade facing the courtyard of the provincial hospital presents a super-wide landscape vision, showing the passage of time and the changes of light and shadow in the outdoor and indoor Spaces. Through this facade design, the overall space environment reflects the characteristics of continuity, extension and gradual change (Figure 11). For the medical staff who eat here, it not only provides a relaxed and pleasant dining space, but also a transfer station that can let him feel nature, put down pressure, and recharge the body and spirit. Through the transparency of the building, the warm and relaxed atmosphere in the space is transmitted to every corner of the external public space, so that the whole hospital is covered with a gentle and warm veil (Figure 12).

社区明灯、希望之光 Community beacon, light of hope

省医餐厅楼2004年的改造已经在6层主体结构的西侧，加建了一个半圆形的两层钢结构作为就餐空间的补充。但由于其原有的交通、消防、功能以及结构的缺陷等问题一直没有得到根本性的改善，因此本次改造需拆除后架的半圆形结构，将半圆形的体量改建成五层，同时增加一个疏散楼梯和观光电梯，以满足当前及未来的个性化需求。改建的五层仍采用半圆形体量，以圆润的姿态，迎接来自内庭院所有方位的视线，形成视觉焦点，同时强化整体空间连续、延绵、渐变的特征。

The renovation of the Provincial Medical restaurant building in 2004 has added a semicircular two-story steel structure on the west side of the 6-story main structure to supplement the dining space. However, due to its original traffic, fire protection, functional and structural defects and other problems have not been fundamentally improved, so this transformation needs to remove the semi-circular structure of the rear frame, transform the semi-circular volume into five floors, and add an evacuation staircase and sightseeing elevator to meet the current and future personalized needs. The reconstructed fifth floor still adopts a semi-circular volume, with a rounded attitude, welcomes the sight from all directions of the inner courtyard, forming a visual focus, and strengthening the continuous, extended and gradual characteristics of the overall space.

新加建的五层半圆形体量，采用通透玻璃的立面做法，意在凸显建筑建筑物面对内庭院的180°景观视野。经过多方案比较和多角度研究，半圆形玻璃面被分解成2.0m×4.5m的平面化矩形玻璃单元，单元之间相互错位安装，形成丰富的肌理层次。鳞次栉比的玻璃单元随着时节变换，在太阳光照和室内外灯光照明的不同条件下，呈现出极其丰富而细腻的建筑表情，展现出具有生命活力的生动形态:建筑背光时玻璃总体上呈现通透的特性，室内活动及场景氛围外溢至户外公共空间，体现出内庭院空间连续延绵的对话语境；午后阳光开始爬上玻璃，天光被不同角度的玻璃面反映出来，每块玻璃呈现出不同的光影效果，整体上看既有统一的肌理感又有戏剧性的变化张力，精彩绝伦（图13）；夜幕降临，华灯初上，坚硬的玻璃褪去冰冷，化身晶莹剔透的温暖水晶，变幻出莫测的神秘特征（图14），营造出温馨轻松的环境氛围，在省医点亮了一盏希望的明灯，传达出超越物质实体的场所精神力量（图15）。

The new five-story semicircular volume, with its transparent glass facade, is intended to highlight the 180° view of the building facing the inner courtyard. After multi-scheme comparison and multi-angle research, the semi-circular glass surface is decomposed into 2.0m×4.5m flat rectangular glass units, which are installed in dislocation with each other to form rich texture levels. With the change of seasons, the row upon row of glass units present extremely rich and delicate architectural expressions under different conditions of solar illumination and indoor and outdoor lighting, showing a vivid form with life vitality: the glass is generally transparent when the building is backlit, and the indoor activities and scene atmosphere spill into the outdoor public space. Reflecting the continuous dialogue context of the inner courtyard space; The afternoon sunlight begins to climb on the glass, and the sky light is reflected by the glass surface from different angles. Each glass presents different light and shadow effects. On the whole, there is a unified texture and dramatic change tension, which is wonderful (FIG. 13). When the night falls, the light begins to shine, the hard glass fades cold and becomes a crystal clear warm crystal, changing the mysterious characteristics of the unpredictable (Figure 14), creating a warm and relaxed environment, lighting a beacon of hope in provincial medicine, conveying the spiritual power of the place beyond the physical entity (Figure 15).

执器问道、追随建筑 Hold the weapon and follow the building

我在拙著《建筑六式》中总结了传统经验、现代主义大师和当代多元化建筑的创作案例及其启示，提出了“连续、延绵、渐变、抽象、时节、流动”六种创作手法和技巧，用以指导建筑创作实践；省医餐厅楼改造以“建筑六式”为指引，在功能优化、交通整合、结构完善、空间营造、造型设计等方面进行了全方位的尝试和探索。设计于1992年的制剂楼是全手工绘制的施工图，设计图纸结构清晰、逻辑严密。这个老建筑经过近30年的使用，在结构安全、抗震性能方面均不能满足当前和未来的需求，因此在改造设计的过程中对建筑主体结构进行了安全鉴定，然后结合功能需求对梁、板、柱进行了全方位的加固改造；改造后的餐厅楼引入咖啡室和花店，同时在不同楼设置的自选餐厅、自助餐厅、点菜餐厅、包间等各种类型的餐饮服务，为全体职工提供了一个安全、卫生、高效、舒适的就餐休息场所；另外通过双层中空玻璃的运用，使建筑物在满足绿色节能要求的前提下，尽可能降低空调能耗。建成后的环境氛围是宜人舒适的；同时通过交通体系的完善，补充了观光梯和消防疏散梯，增加安全性和便利性；以上具体措施是形而下的“器”。藉由“器”，我们呈现出“建筑的全貌”。

In my book Six Styles of Architecture, I summarized the traditional experience, the creative cases of modernist masters and contemporary diversified architecture and their inspirations, and proposed six creative techniques and techniques of "continuity, extension, gradual change, abstraction, season and flow" to guide the practice of architectural creation. The transformation of the provincial medical restaurant building is guided by the "six types of architecture", and has carried out an all-round attempt and exploration in the aspects of function optimization, traffic integration, structure improvement, space construction, and shape design. The preparation building designed in 1992 is a construction drawing drawn by hand, with a clear structure and strict logic. After nearly 30 years of use, the old building can not meet the current and future needs in terms of structural safety and seismic performance. Therefore, in the process of renovation and design, the main structure of the building was evaluated for safety, and then the beams, plates and columns were strengthened in a comprehensive way according to the functional requirements. After the renovation, coffee room and flower shop are introduced into the restaurant building. At the same time, various types of catering services such as optional restaurants, cafeterias, a la carte restaurants and private rooms are set up in different buildings, providing a safe, hygienic, efficient and comfortable dining and rest place for all employees. In addition, through the use of double-layer insulating glass, the building can reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning as much as possible under the premise of meeting the requirements of green energy saving. The environment after completion is pleasant and comfortable; At the same time, through the improvement of the traffic system, the sightseeing ladder and the fire escape ladder are added to increase the safety and convenience; The above specific measures are practical "tools". With the "instrument", we present the "whole picture of the building".

建筑是物质性和精神性的统一体，其中物质性是相对显性的元素，往往通过造型、功能、空间、结构等方面呈现出来，是相对容易学习和掌握的内容，也是建筑最基本的属性。好的建筑往往通过恰当的设计技巧呈现出良好的物质性特征；同时通过物质性的充分展示，将人的主观体验、精神性感受很好地体现出来；因而建筑的物质性是通向精神性的必要媒介。建筑的精神性虽由建筑物质性传递出来，但人的体验感受才是建筑精神性得以体现的途径，也就是说没有人就没有建筑的精神性。我们用“建筑六式”这些技术措施和手段去实现省医餐厅楼的存量优化和整体品质提升，最主要的目的是希望通过空间环境的优化提升，探讨形而上的“建筑之道”——既精神性的提炼与表达。于是很有意思地，我们的关注点又重新回到“人”这个层面上来。

Architecture is the unity of materiality and spirituality, in which materiality is a relatively dominant element, which is often presented through the aspects of shape, function, space, structure, etc. It is relatively easy to learn and master, and is also the most basic attribute of architecture. Good architecture often presents good material characteristics through proper design techniques; At the same time, through the full display of materiality, people's subjective experience and spiritual feelings are well reflected; Therefore, the materiality of architecture is a necessary medium leading to spirituality. Although the spirituality of architecture is conveyed by the materiality of architecture, human experience is the way to embody the spirituality of architecture, that is to say, there is no spirituality of architecture without people. We use these technical measures and means of "building six types" to achieve the stock optimization and overall quality improvement of the provincial medical restaurant building, the most important purpose is to explore the metaphysical "building way" through the optimization and improvement of the space environment, which is the distillation and expression of spirituality. So it is interesting to return our focus to the "human" level.

在当前和未来很长一段时间内，社会发展要求我们将更加注重城市内部空间的精细化利用、全面提升建筑空间的环境品质。通过藉由形而下的“器”，凸显建筑空间环境的精神性，让人们更容易体会到美好的生活空间环境所营造出来的意境。对于省医省餐厅楼更新改造而言，我们意图传达的精神性是安全、便利、舒适、温暖的空间体验，感受像“家”一样轻松、舒适的就医及工作环境氛围，而“连续、延绵、渐变、抽象、时节、流动”这“建筑六式”就是帮助我们实现这个目标的有效途径。这就是我所要阐述的所谓“建筑的全貌”。在这个认知体系内，建筑物质性、使用主体(人）、建筑精神性，三者是相互成就的关系，它们共同作用下呈现出建筑更为全面的整体面貌。这种认知更加贴合路易斯·康建筑精神性的终极目标，因此我把建筑看成是一种认识世界、表达思想的媒介，是值得为之奉献一生的道路。省医餐厅楼改造就是这样一个有意思的探索的开始，它似乎为我打开了一扇门，让我看到我原本认知系统之外的更多可能性。

At present and in the future for a long time, social development requires us to pay more attention to the fine use of urban internal space and comprehensively improve the environmental quality of architectural space. Through the physical "instrument", the spirit of the architectural space environment is highlighted, so that people can more easily appreciate the artistic conception created by the beautiful living space environment. For the renovation of the restaurant building in the Province of Medicine, the spirit we intend to convey is a safe, convenient, comfortable and warm space experience, feeling like "home" as relaxed and comfortable medical and working environment atmosphere, and "continuous, continuous, gradual, abstract, season, flow" this "six architectural patterns" is an effective way to help us achieve this goal. This is what I want to describe as "the whole picture of architecture". In this cognitive system, the materiality of architecture, the subject of use (human), and the spirit of architecture are mutually fulfilling relations, and their joint action presents a more comprehensive overall appearance of architecture. This kind of cognition is more in line with the ultimate goal of Louis Kahn's architectural spirituality, so I regard architecture as a medium to understand the world and express thoughts, and a path worth dedicating one's life to. The renovation of the Provincial Hospital Restaurant building was the beginning of such an interesting exploration, which seemed to open a door for me to see more possibilities beyond my original cognitive system.

项目名称：广东省人民医院餐厅楼改造
项目类型：教育建筑
设 计 方 ：华南理工大学建筑设计研究院有限公司
公司网站：https://www.scutad.com.cn/
联系邮箱：805433157@qq.com
设计年份：2019年12月~2020年5月
完成年份：2021年12月
项目负责人及主创：陈文东——华南理工大学建筑设计研究院有限公司 二院副院长，建筑学博士（师从何镜堂院士，2008年博士毕业），高级工程师，硕导，主攻城市大型公共建筑、医疗建筑、校园规划及其建筑设计等，2023年出版专著《建筑六式》，中国建筑工业出版社，2024天河体育中心花市牌楼主创
团队：陈文东、陈承邦、佘万里、刘洪文、翁鑫威、劳晓杰、周颖彬、郑洋、李耿吉、郑景富、李慧雯等
业主：广东省人民医院
项目地址：广州市越秀区中山二路106号
用地面积：528平方米
建筑面积：2518平方米
摄影版权：诺金浮图摄影工作室

业主方： 广东省人民医院

Project name: Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital restaurant building renovation
Project type: Educational building
Designer: South China University of Technology Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., LTD
The company's web site: https://www.scutad.com.cn/
Contact email: 805433157@qq.com
Design year: December 2019 to May 2020
Year completed: December 2021
Project Leader and Chief Creator: Chen Wendong -- Deputy Dean of the Second School of Architectural Design and Research Institute of South China University of Technology Co., LTD., Doctor of Architecture (under the supervision of Academician He Jingtang, PhD in 2008), senior engineer, master's supervisor, mainly focuses on urban large-scale public buildings, medical buildings, campus planning and architectural design, etc., published in 2023 monograph "Six Types of Architecture", China Architecture Industry Press, 2024 Creator of Flower Market Archway of Tianhe Sports Center
Team: Chen Wendong, Chen Chengbang, She Wanli, Liu Hongwen, Weng Xinwei, Lao Xiaojie, Zhou Yingbin, Zheng Yang, Li Gengji, Zheng Jingfu, Li Huiwen, etc
Owner: Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital
Project Address: No. 106 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou
Site area: 528 square meters
Building area: 2518 square meters
Copyright: Xu Mian, Nuo Jin Floating Picture Photography Studio
The owner is Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital