Hudong Experiment( Serial Renewal Design along Bo'xing Road & Liubu Road) / VIASCAPE
VIA维亚景观：沪东新村最早建于1953年，因沪东造船厂建造的职工住宅而得名，是新中国成立后上海建设的第一批工人新村之一。经历上世纪50年代、90年代和21世纪初三个集中建设期，历时70余载，如今的上海市浦东新区沪东新村街道（以下简称“沪东”）是具有代表性的以老旧小区为主的高密度社区。这类社区沿街界面多以老小区和单位围墙、沿街商铺等构成，呈现出“公共性”不足的特征，可供居民活动和提供公共服务的空间较少。2020-2023年，VIA在沪东“博兴路-柳埠路”沿线开展渐进式系列更新实验，从设定“空间原型”、建立“空间模式”、设定“要素特征”，到响应环境的“空间意象转译”、有机嵌入“公共生活”，为社区沿街界面的有机更新探索出一条自下而上的实践方法和路径。
VIASCAPE design：Hudong community which was initially built in 1953 is one of the first residential communities built to accommodate local workers after 1949. Having gone through three major construction periods in the 1950s, 1990s and the first decade of 21th century, Hudong has become one of the typical high density communities of old residential area in Shanghai. According to the lack of publicness in Hudong neighborhood space, VIASCAPE design(VIA) started a series of experimental community renewal projects by setting up spatial prototypes, establishing space patterns then gradually getting down to sorting out typical characteristics, design elements, spatial image translation and finally generating organic embedded-in design from 2020 to contribute to a bottom-up method for community regeneration.
在展开具体设计之前，我们对更新建构方式与要素特征也设定了一系列原则：①以融入社区基础风貌而非追求设计的自我表现为目标，用简洁的设计语言和低成本、易实施、去装饰的建造方式进行空间更新；②基于使用者体验，将每个“虚”空间设计为有覆盖的灰空间或有明确边界围合的“正空间”²“阴角空间”³，并加强“虚”空间活动与“实”空间内部功能的互动；③在建筑的公共界面及开放空间中尽可能多的设置座椅设施，形成融入整体空间关系的“座席景观”4，以此鼓励较长时间的开放空间使用；④尽可能在各更新点位中植入便于管养的乔灌木，以更绿色生态的方式营造社区公共空间；⑤在“实”空间中更多的使用玻璃等具有视觉“透明性”（transparency）特征的材料构件，让室内的活动或服务成为有趣的街景，吸引潜在的社区居民参与；⑥更新要为未来可能的功能调整与展陈装饰保留一定的弹性空间。
And we set up a series of design principles before the specific design. They are: integrating community landscapes with simple design language to fulfil low-cost construction in a de-decorative method; making every void space to be a grey space to combine indoors and outdoors activities, or setting up boundaries to make it to be a “positive space” 2 or a “concaved space”3; more seat facilities should be integrated into the renewal design to create the “seat landscape”4 and encourage long-term use of open space; apply low-maintenance plantings; more transparent materials like glass should be used in solid spaces to let indoor activities be viewed as streetscape; keep the flexibility for potential functional adjustment.
本次系列更新以“空间模式建立+空间特征要素设定”作为实验性工作方法探索的第一阶段，希望以此建立满足空间需求、符合在地特征的“隐藏的秩序”5 而非通过强烈的设计表达或具有某种风格的设计去武断地改变社区面貌。
The process of developing the spatial patterns and setting up the design principles is the very important and experimental exploration of the serial renewal design. Then we can weave the community open space following the “hidden order”5 rather than change it by some arrogant design.
第二类的博兴路游廊、柳埠路游廊是拆违后沿街封闭空间的改造，通过本次更新为社区提供更多室内外公益功能空间。以博兴路游廊为例，设计在拆违空间中植入社区食堂、社区共享阅读、社区志愿者之家、户外职工休息活动室等公共服务功能，并将超50%的占地用于公共或单位的景观空间（其中近一半恢复为东侧相邻学生公寓的绿地空间）。同时，基于沿街长80米、进深5米的用地特征，以空间原型在博兴路街头“并列”的方式、通过折叠的空间界面设计实现“游廊”的空间意象转译。
There were full of illegal buildings without permits that should be abolished in the site of the the GALLERY of Bo’xing Road and the GALLERY of Liubu Road. Public welfare functional space and outdoor activities were suggested to placed in it by the sub-district office. Taking the GALLERY of Bo’xing Road as an example, functions like the community canteen, shared reading space, and the living room for outdoor workers are incorporated. And more than 50% area of the site is assigned to be landscaped space in our design. As to the specific design, we translate the the spatial pattern from juxtaposing the prototype into a “gallery” with a folding space design language.
第三类的博三树屋、博一橘园在具体更新设计上都采取了与现状社区绿化积极响应的策略。博三树屋虽然是社区闲置用房活化利用更新，但设计不仅将现状白玉兰保留下来，并将白玉兰作为最重要的环境要素融入空间原型的“虚”空间中，以树与屋有机结合方式凝结小区居民共同记忆。博一橘园的环境响应则更具社会意义，通过利用小区居民原先在用地角落中密集种植的30余株橘树在场地中的优化布局，实现社区花园的全过程共建。正是基于不同现状条件的特征认知与类型分析，沪东实验摆脱了传统微更新就事论事的工作方式，采用以社区公共空间营造为导向的“空间意象转译”与融汇社区既有绿色、人文资源的“环境响应”的创新实验方法达成了各更新点位的设计建构。
In the design of the TREE-HOUSE of Bosan and the ORANGE-ORCHARD of Boyi, we establish a strong connection between renewal design and existing planting. The TREE-HOUSE of Bosan is centered by the existing Magnolia tree, and the organic combination of the tree and the building is designed to be a local common memory. And the public participation that more than 30 orange trees planted 10 years ago by a local couple were rearranged in the community garden by themselves with design team gives the ORANGE-ORCHARD of Boyi more social significance. Based on deep research, we develop an experimental design method co-responding to environmental feature and existing resource in Hudong Experiment rather than the traditional renewal way.
▼ 沪东新村现状围墙界面 Hudong New village status wall interface
因此，“沪东实验”不仅关注部分封闭界面的有效打开、社区公益职能与公共服务内容的植入、相邻杂乱空间的梳理，更关注各更新点位“嵌入”日常生活界面的方式。在各点位的建筑、景观、小品、标识等公共空间要素的具体设计上，采用更朴素简洁的、“去个体表现”的方式，以引导公共活动的整体空间关系把握作为要点，以更新后博兴路-柳埠路沿线公共空间中真实发生的社区生活为主要呈现内容。并以这些温暖、生动的公共生活为媒介将本次系列空间更新与社区环境中既有的稳定风貌进行有机的编织与连结，织补与完善社区日常生活图景，并以此追求在地“场所精神”6 的延续与发展。
Hudong Experiment concerns not only opening up the enclosed boundary, implanting community services and reorganizing open space, but the way how to embed every renewed project into daily life as well. A simplified and de-decorative design language is adopted in this serial renewal in order to let the civic life rather than some wonderful design be seen as streetscape. So the real life along Bo’xing Road and Liubu Road can weave every renewal project with the daily scenes into integrity, and maintain the “Genius Loci”6 of Hudong community.
在更趋精细化的社区更新工作背景下，“自上而下的精英规划难以解决所有问题”8，“沪东实验”中全过程的社区居民参与是自下而上社区规划的重要内容。各更新点位的方案开展多轮意见征询，考虑每一位居民的需求和意见，不断完善设计。以博三树屋为例，征询中因为小区75号楼的一位居民的反对意见而展开重新设计，并在多次点对点沟通后，组织新一轮小区居民代表（扩大）听证会、75号楼全体居民签字认可等民主程序确定方案。这个磋商的过程以“权力委任”（Delegated Power）9 的方式将决策权让渡给居民，让居民“实质性参与”（Degrees of Citizen Power）9 社区更新。在博 一橘园的更新中，小区的一对老年夫妇主动提议将他们之前种的橘树用于社区花园的建设，并对橘园的营造从策划到植物移植、养护等多方面提供支持与协助。随着社区更新工作的持续开展、“15分钟社区生活圈”理念的深入人心，沪东居民对社区公共事务的参与程度越来越高，对社区美好生活空间的追求也逐步上升到具有自觉意识的主动共建共治共享，这是也是“沪东实验”中最令人欣喜的成果与华彩。
In the context of more refined community renewal requirement, “traditional top-down planning can hardly solve all problems “8. Public participation plays an important role in Hudong Experiment. Multiple levels of survey and public hearings were held to improve design. In the case of theTREE-HOUSE of Bosan, we gave up the original scheme only due to objections from one resident. And one more public hearing was conducted before reaching a consensus, this process gave local residents the right to decide, and maximized the “Degrees of Citizen Power”9, which follows the rule of “Delegated Power”9. And in the case of the ORANGE-ORCHARD of Boyi , an old couple spontaneously donated their orange trees for the community garden renewal, and offered sufficient support and suggestions during the whole design-construction process. As the “15-minute community life cycle” thought spreads, the continuing community renewal process stimulates the public participation enthusiasm of Hudong residents. The mindset of co-construction, co-governance and shared benefits is awakening in neighborhood. This may be the most exciting part of Hudong Experiment.
注释：
[1]“向东暖亭”详细信息见VIA维亚景观以“暖亭：黄浦江畔的社区之家”为题发表在各专业学术媒体的文章，同时该项目获得了2023“上海建筑学会第十届建筑创作奖”优秀奖（一等）、2023年上海市“15分钟社区生活圈”优秀案例等荣誉，“暖亭”模型也于2024年被中国建筑模型博物馆收藏。
[2] [美]克里斯托弗·亚历山大 等. 王听度, 赵序鸿译. 建筑模式语言: 城镇·建筑·构造.北京：知识产权出版社,2022: 1009.
[3] [日]芦原义信. 尹培桐 译.街道的美学（上）.南京：江苏凤凰文艺出版社,2017: 73.
[4] [丹麦]扬·盖尔. 何人可 译.交往与空间.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002: 165.
[5] [日]芦原义信. [日]伊藤增辉 译.隐藏的秩序.南京：江苏凤凰文艺出版社,2023: 95.
[6] [挪]诺伯舒兹. 施植明 译.场所精神:迈向建筑现象学.湖北: 华中科技大学出版社,2010: 180.
[7] [美]凯文·林奇. 方益萍,何晓军 译.城市意象.北京: 华夏出版社,2017: 48.
[8] 张帆,葛岩.治理视角下城市更新相关主体的角色转变探讨——以上海为例[J].上海城市规划,2019(5):57-61.
[9] Arnstein. S.R., A. Ladder of Citizen Participation, Journal of American Institute of Planners, Vol. 35, No.4, July 1969. 216-224.
Notes:
[1] For more details about “the PAVILION”, please refer to VIASCAPE design’s article titled “the Pavilion: A Community Home nearby Huangpu River ” published in various professional academic media. And this project has won honors such as the Excellent Award (First Class) of the 10th Architectural Creation Award of the Shanghai Architectural Society in 2023 and the Excellent Case of the “Shanghai 15 Minute Community Life Circle” in 2023. “The Pavilion” model was also collected by the China Architecture Model Museum in 2024.
[2] Christopher Alexander, A Pattern Language: Towns·Buildings·Construction, 1977.
[3] Yoshinobu Ashihara. Machinami No Bigaku. 1979
[4] Jan Gehl, Life Between Buildings[M]. the Danish Architectural Press,1971.
[5] Yoshinobu Ashihara. Kakusareta Chitujyo. 1986.
[6] Christian Norberg-Schul. Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Archtecture[M]. Mondadori Electa,1980.
[7] Kevin Lynch. The Image of the City (Harvard-MIT Joint Center for Urban Studies Series). 1960.
[8] Zhang Fan, Ge Yan. Research on the Multi-players’ Concept and the Role Transformation in Urban Regeneration under the Perspective of Governance: A Case Study of Shanghai [J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2019(5):57-61.
[9] Arnstein. S.R., A. Ladder of Citizen Participation[J]. Journal of American Institute of Planners, Vol. 35, No.4, July 1969. 216-224.
项目名称：沪东实验（博兴路-柳埠路沿线社区公共空间系列更新）
设计单位：VIA维亚景观
主持设计师：孙轶家、周密
设计团队：孙轶家、周密、马丽、吉文山、易洋帆、蔡颖、刘习文、敬波、纪慧敏、姚维彦、赵非齐、巩红蕾、计雨薇、马乔、卓杰、陈露、赵广叶、许亮、沈沉
设计时间：2020年10月至2022年10月
建成时间：2021年5月至2023年8月
设计总规模：3960平方米
项目地址：上海市浦东新区沪东新村街道博兴路、柳埠路沿线
各更新子项名称：
业主单位：上海市浦东新区沪东新村街道办事处
代建单位：上海社发浦众建设管理有限公司
施工单位：上海依航建筑装饰工程有限公司、上海浦林城建工程有限公司
标识设计：VIA维亚景观
标识字体授权：锐字潮牌字库
照明顾问：OUI light 徐越峰
游廊局部室内展陈：宾酷文化
摄影师：CreatAR Images
撰文：孙轶家
图纸绘制：计雨薇、马乔
Project: Hudong Experiment( Serial Renewal Design along Bo’xing Road & Liubu Road)
Design firm: VIASCAPE design (VIA)
Lead Designer: Sun Yijia, Zhou Mi
Design Team: Sun Yijia, Zhou Mi, Ma Li, Ji Wenshan, Yi Yangfan, Cai Ying, Liu Xiwen, Jing Bo, Ji Huimin, Yao Weiyan, Zhao Feiqi, Gong Honglei, Ji Yuwei, Ma Qiao, Zhuo Jie, Chen Lu, Zhao Guangye, Xu Liang, Shen Chen
Design time: from Oct. 2020 to Oct. 2022
Built time: from May. 2021 to Aug. 2023
Design area: Apx. 3960 sqm
Location: Along Bo’xing Rd. & Liubu Rd., Hudongxincun Sub-district, Pudong New Area, Shanghai
Client: Hudongxincun Sub-district Office, Pudong New area, Shanghai
Project managing consultant: Shanghai Shefapuzhong Construction Managing Co, ltd
Contractor: Shanghai Yihang Construction and Decoration Engineering Co, ltd, Shanghai Pulin Construction & Engineering Co, ltd
VI Design: VIASCAPE design
Fonts for VI: REEJI type
Lighting Consultant: OUI Light / Xu Yuefeng
Interior Exhibition Display: BGC
Photographer: CreatAR Images
Article Author: Sun Yijia
Design Drawings: Ji Yuwei, Ma Qiao
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